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MSc. Dong Thi Thu Huyen

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Faculty of Accounting and Finance, Hai Phong University

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Summary

In the process of international economic integration, labor and employment issues play an important, urgent and long-term role in the sustainable development of the economy. Along with the country's innovation process, many solutions to solve labor and employment problems have been given attention by all levels and sectors to create motivation to promote economic development and political and social stability. However, limited labor quality is increasingly causing great pressure on job creation for workers. The article evaluates the current state of Vietnam's labor and employment picture, thereby proposing some solutions in the near future.

Keywords: labor market, employment, unemployment

Summary

This paper analyzes factors affecting people's satisfaction with the quality of public administrative services in Thai Nguyen province. Through a survey of 300 people using public administrative services, it points out six intrinsic factors which are Openness and transparency; Procedures; Attitude of public administrative officials; Professional capacity of administrative staff; Infrastructure; Trust. From this result, the author proposes a number of solutions to improve the quality of public administrative services in Thai Nguyen province in particular and other localities in the country in general.

Keywords: satisfaction, people, public administration, Thai Nguyen

INTRODUCE

Statistics from the General Statistics Office show that the labor and employment situation in 2023 shows many signs of improvement when workers have jobs and the average income of workers increases, the unemployment rate and unemployment rate increase. The underemployment rate among the working age population decreased. However, the general picture of the current labor market shows that quality and labor have not met the labor demand of a modern, flexible, sustainable and integrated labor market; The shift in employment structure between the agriculture, forestry and fisheries sector, the industrial and construction sector, and the service sector seems to be slowing down this year; Although the number of working workers tends to increase, the labor market has not seen any improvement in labor quality as the number of informal workers working in precarious, unstable jobs still accounts for a large proportion. large… Therefore, clarifying the current situation and remaining problems of the labor market in the current period, in order to have adjustment solutions, is a necessary issue.

VIETNAM'S LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT PICTURE

Labor force by region

According to data from the General Statistics Office, in 2023, the labor force aged 15 and over will reach 52.4 million people, an increase of 707.5 thousand people compared to 2022. Of which, the labor force in urban areas Urban areas are 19.5 million people, accounting for 37.3%, rural areas are 32.9 million people, accounting for 62.7%; The female labor force reached 24.5 million people, accounting for 46.7%; The male labor force reached 27.9 million people, accounting for 53.3%. Employed workers aged 15 and older in 2023 will reach 51.3 million people, an increase of 711.20 thousand people (equivalent to an increase of 1.41%) compared to 2022. The number of employed workers recorded an increase in both urban and rural areas as well as in men and women.

Figure 1: Labor force by region

Source: General Statistics Office

Data (Figure 1) shows that the labor force has improved over the quarters from 2022 to 2023. In 2023, the labor force of the first quarter compared to the same period in 2022 increased by 355.4 thousand people in urban areas and 680 thousand people in rural areas; The labor force in the second quarter increased by 294.1 thousand people in urban areas and 404.1 thousand people in rural areas; In the third quarter, it increased by 261.5 thousand people in urban areas and 284.5 thousand people in rural areas; Labor market developments continued to increase until the fourth quarter, corresponding to an increase of 337.6 thousand people in urban areas and an increase of 64.3 thousand people in rural areas. Enterprises' demand for labor recruitment in the first months of 2023 is still higher than the number of unemployed workers; Along with that, the number of newly established businesses is higher than the number of businesses withdrawing from the market, thereby contributing to creating many jobs for workers.

Labor force by economic sector

Table 1: Labor force divided by economic sector

Target

2022

(Thousand people)

2023

(Thousand people)

Compare 2023/2022

Absolute number

Relative number

Labor force

51,663.90

52,371.40

707.50

1.37

A. Number of people with jobs

50,576.50

51,287.70

711.20

1,.41

I. Agriculture, forestry and fisheries

13,909.60

13,818.73

– 90.87

– 0.65

II. Industry and construction

16,974.40

17.175.10

200.70

1.18

III. Service

19,692.50

20,293.90

601.40

3.05

B. Number of people without jobs

1,087.40

1,083.70

– 3.70

– 0.34

Source: Author's compilation

Data (Table 1) show that: employed workers in the agriculture, forestry and fishery sector are 13.81873 million people, down 90.87 thousand people, corresponding to a decrease of 0.65% compared to the previous year; Labor in the industrial and construction sector is 17.1751 million people, an increase of 200.7 thousand people, equivalent to an increase of 1.18%; service sector workers with 20.3939 million people, an increase of 601.4 thousand people, equivalent to an increase of 3.05% and maintaining the highest increase compared to the other two sectors.

Income

According to data from the General Statistics Office, the average monthly income of workers is 7.1 million VND, an increase of 6.9%, equivalent to an increase of 459 thousand VND compared to 2022; of which: The average monthly income of male workers is 8.1 million VND, 1.36 times the average monthly income of female workers (6.0 million VND). The average income of workers in urban areas is 1.4 times that of rural areas (8.7 million VND compared to 6.2 million VND).

In 2023, workers working in a number of economic sectors will record a fairly high average income growth rate compared to the previous year. Of which, the average monthly income of workers working in the mining industry is 10.3 million VND, an increase of 11.2%, equivalent to an increase of about 1 million VND compared to the previous year; Accommodation and food service industry is 6.8 million VND, an increase of 8.6%, equivalent to an increase of 540 thousand VND; Transportation and warehousing industry is 9.8 million VND, an increase of 8.3%, equivalent to an increase of 749 thousand VND; Wholesale and retail industry, car and motorbike repair is 8.3 million VND, an increase of 7.8%, equivalent to an increase of 598 thousand VND; agriculture, forestry and fisheries sector is 4.1 million VND, an increase of 6.6%, equivalent to an increase of 255 thousand VND.

Unemployment situation

The unemployment rate in 2023 for working-age workers as well as the unemployment rate among youth both tend to decrease compared to 2022 (Table 2). This shows that the economic situation has shown signs of recovery after being affected by the Covid-19 epidemic.

Table 2: Unemployment rate

Target

2022 (%)

2023 (%)

Compare 2023/2022

Absolute number

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Relative number

Unemployment rate in working age

2.32

2.28

-0.04

-1.72

Unemployment rate for youth aged 15-24 years old

7.72

7.63

-0.09

-1.17

Underemployment rate

2.21

2.01

-0.2

-9.05

Source: Author's compilation

In 2022, the country will have nearly 1.07 million unemployed people of working age, down 14.6 thousand people compared to the previous year. The unemployment rate among the working age population in 2023 is 2.28%, down 0.04 percentage points compared to the previous year (Figure 2). Thus, the synchronous implementation of solutions includes implementing Resolution No. 01/NQ-CP, dated January 6, 2023 of the Government on main tasks and solutions to implement the Economic Development Plan – society, state budget estimates and improving the business environment, enhancing national competitiveness in 2023 have contributed to improving the unemployment situation of workers.

Figure 2: Number of people and unemployment rate in the working age, period 2019-2023

Source: Author's compilation

Some inadequacies in Vietnam's labor and employment picture

Firstly, in terms of quality, labor supply still has many shortcomings and limitations, not meeting the labor demand of a modern, flexible, sustainable and integrated labor market (about 38 million unemployed workers). through training from primary level upwards). This number shows that there is no small challenge in improving the technical and professional qualifications of workers.

Second, the shift in employment structure between the agriculture, forestry and fisheries sector, the industrial and construction sector, and the service sector seems to be slowing down this year. If in 2020 and 2022, the proportion of labor in the agricultural sector decreases by 1.0 percentage points and 1.6 percentage points, respectively, and increases correspondingly in the remaining two sectors (industrial and construction sectors). construction sector increases by 0.5 percentage points and increases by 0.3 percentage points; the service sector increases by 0.5 percentage points and increases by 1.2 percentage points), then by 2023, the proportion of labor in the industry Agriculture, forestry and fisheries decreased more slowly, only 0.6 percentage points; The industrial and construction sector increased by 0.1 percentage points; The service sector increased by 0.6 percentage points [1, 2].

Third, the underemployment rate among the working age population for the whole year 2023 will decrease by 0.02 percentage points, but calculated on a quarterly basis, the underemployment rate will only decrease in the first quarter; For the rest, the second quarter increased by 0.1%, the second quarter increased by 0.14%, and the fourth quarter increased by 0.01%. Besides, the youth unemployment rate in urban areas is 10.20%, 3.91 percentage points higher than that in rural areas. [1, 2].

Fourth, according to data from the General Statistics Office, the number of workers not using their full potential is 2.3 million people. The rate of labor not using its full potential in 2023 is 4.3%. The rate of labor not using its full potential is a comprehensive indicator indicating the degree of “misalignment” between labor supply and demand in the market; reflects the oversupply of labor. Under normal economic development conditions, the rate of underutilized labor potential always exists and often increases when the market is subject to socio-economic shocks.

Fifth, after a long period of epidemic, businesses are facing a shortage of orders due to the general impact of global difficulties, such as: monetary policy, reduced purchasing power, in addition to production costs. production, raw material prices increased sharply. With the above difficulties, many businesses have cut labor and reduced workers' working hours, which has greatly affected the lives of workers.

SOLUTIONS IN THE NEXT TIME

Firstly, the Government, ministries and branches more carefully evaluate the data of newly established enterprises and enterprises requesting to temporarily suspend operations to have specific solutions in vocational training and supporting workers to find new job fields. do accordingly; Further evaluate the impact of reducing the number of jobs, especially in industries with a workforce and young workers.

Second, workers need to promote discipline and discipline, as well as efficiency in production and business, thereby helping businesses reduce costs, but still be able to meet the requirements to increase costs. production leader, can return to better production and business. Workers also need to be active and proactive in training to improve their knowledge and qualifications, and actively participate in training classes to redirect their search for jobs in suitable occupations, especially those who are currently working in the field. being laid off, postponing work. From there, we can adapt to a more dynamic and higher quality labor market in the coming time.

Third, businesses need to try to support workers in improving productivity and efficiency; Trade unions get involved, connect businesses with workers, or consult between the two sides to suit their interests. From there, employees and employers can cooperate with each other in solving jobs as well as ensuring social security./.

References

1. General Statistics Office (2021-2023), Statistical Yearbook for all years, from 2020 to 2022, Statistics Publishing House.

2. General Statistics Office (2024), Vietnam labor market situation in 2023, accessed from https://www.gso.gov.vn/du-lieu-va-so-lieu-thong-ke/ 2024/01/tinh-hinh-thi-truong-lao-dong-viet-nam-nam-2023/.

Date of receipt: March 15, 2024; Review date: April 10, 2024; Posting approval date: May 31, 2024